The Senate voted 51-48 early Saturday to approve a budget framework that Congress needs to pass before lawmakers can get to work on the legislative foundation for much of Trump’s agenda, which includes more than $5 trillion in tax cuts over 10 years.

The framework now moves to the House, which must pass it before lawmakers can start working on the bill itself. House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-Louisiana) and House Republican leaders said Saturday that they would take the framework up the coming week - but numerous House Republicans have said they plan to vote against the framework, enough to stop it from passing.

House Budget Committee Chairman Jodey Arrington (R-Texas) criticized the Senate’s version of the framework for not doing enough to cut spending, calling it “unserious and disappointing.” Rep. Josh Brecheen (R-Oklahoma) wrote on X that many House Republicans “will have to vote ‘NO’ on this when it comes back to the House, knowing the promise to cut tomorrow is never fulfilled by Congress.”

And Rep. Andy Harris (R-Maryland), the chairman of the hard-line House Freedom Caucus, wrote on X that he “can’t support House passage of the Senate changes to our budget resolution until I see the actual spending and deficit reduction plans to enact President Trump’s America First agenda.”

Republican Reps. Andrew Ogles (Tennessee), Lloyd Smucker (Pennsylvania), Andrew Clyde (Georgia), David Schweikert (Arizona) and Chip Roy (Texas) also criticized the resolution.

House Republicans have a slim majority and can afford few defections, because no Democrats are expected to vote for the framework. If the House makes any changes, senators will need to take it up again - and adding deeper spending cuts could alienate some moderate Republicans whose votes the party needs.

Johnson urged House Republicans on Saturday to adopt the framework so both chambers can move on to drafting the tax bill itself. Republican leaders want the eventual bill to include money for border security and defense and to raise the debt limit before the federal government’s borrowing authority is exhausted in the coming months.

“With the debt limit X-date approaching, border security resources diminishing, markets unsettled, and the largest tax increase on working families looming, time is of the essence,” Johnson warned in a letter with House Majority Leader Steve Scalise (R-Louisiana), House Majority Whip Tom Emmer (R-Minnesota), and Rep. Lisa C. McClain (R-Michigan), the No. 4 House Republican. “As President Trump said, ‘Every Republican, House and Senate, must UNIFY.’”

One of Trump’s top goals is making permanent the tax cuts he signed into law in 2017. The eventual bill that Republicans will draft is expected to include billions of dollars in spending cuts and to add trillions of dollars to the deficit — although Peter Navarro, a top White House aide, has argued that the new tariffs Trump announced Wednesday will raise $6 trillion over the same period, offsetting lost revenue. Trump has called for putting new tax breaks in the bill, including a deduction on car loan interest and a tax exemption on workers’ tips.

Republicans are using a legislative maneuver known as reconciliation that will let them pass the eventual bill with only 51 votes, which Republicans and Democrats have each used in recent years to pass big bills without the other party’s support. But the process requires lawmakers to adopt a budget framework before they can get to work on the bill itself — and Republicans have struggled to agree on how aggressively to cut spending.

Two Republican senators voted against the framework Saturday: Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky, who has argued it would let Republicans raise the debt limit by too much, and Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, who had expressed concerns that it would allow Republicans to cut Medicaid.

The Senate passed the budget framework after a marathon voting session during which Republicans rejected a slew of amendments from Democrats designed to force them to take uncomfortable votes. The amendments included a vote on barring the use of commercial messaging apps to share details of upcoming U.S. military strikes, following the revelation last month that a top Trump administration official inadvertently added a journalist to a Signal chat discussing an impending strike in Yemen.

Senate Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer (D-New York) sought to tie the vote on the budget framework to Trump’s new tariffs, which have sent stock markets reeling.

“It’s a brutal Republican pincer move: Donald Trump’s raised costs on the one side, and Senate Republicans are cutting Medicaid and pushing billionaire tax breaks on the other,” Schumer said on the Senate floor after the vote.

Trump and other Republicans have denied that the eventual bill will cut Medicaid and have pointed out that taxes will rise on the middle class as well as the rich if Trump’s 2017 tax cuts are not extended before they expire at the end of this year. (While the wealthy and corporations benefit disproportionately from the expiring tax cuts, most Americans would see a tax increase if they are not extended.)

“This tax increase is going to hit American families — $2.6 trillion of it is going to hit families making less than $400,000 a year,” Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-South Dakota) said Friday night on the Senate floor. Democrats have pledged repeatedly not to raise taxes on families whose income is below that threshold.

Some senators who voted for it Saturday have concerns that Republicans will eventually need to address. Those include Senate Republicans’ controversial decision to assume the 2017 tax cuts cost nothing to extend, known as the “current policy baseline.”

“The practical consequences of this is that using ‘current policy’ increases the cost of this bill by $3.8 trillion,” Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-Louisiana) said on the Senate floor. “It establishes a dangerous precedent. It might be within the rules to do so, but it doesn’t mean that it is wise to do so. And to be a conservative is to know that sometimes you don’t open Pandora’s box, even if you can.”

Sen Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) wrote on X that while she voted in support of the bill Saturday morning, “there are serious shortcomings within this resolution that gave me considerable pause.”

Those shortcomings, she added, “include the adoption of a current policy baseline, a requirement for the Senate to increase the debt ceiling by $5 trillion, the setting of a path that will result in more than $50 trillion in federal debt within a decade, and a reconciliation instruction to a House committee that would require significant cuts to Medicaid.”